Valorization of n-butanol as Gasoline Replacement in a DISI Engine and the Effect of Injection Phasing

Este artículo presenta la valorización del n-butanol en motores de encendido por chispa e inyección directa y su efecto durante el proceso de inyección.

Autores:
Merola, Simona S.
Irimescu, Adrian
Valentino, Gerardo
Colmenares Quintero, Ramón Fernando
Lenis Rodas, Yuhan Arley
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2015
Institución:
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Repositorio:
Repositorio UCC
Idioma:
OAI Identifier:
oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/1355
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/1355
Palabra clave:
Spark Ignition Engine
Wall Guided Direct Injection
Gasoline
n-Butanol
Flame Emission
Rights
closedAccess
License
Licencia CC
id COOPER2_02d137dcab8608bb3adc30c77e3f1510
oai_identifier_str oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/1355
network_acronym_str COOPER2
network_name_str Repositorio UCC
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Valorization of n-butanol as Gasoline Replacement in a DISI Engine and the Effect of Injection Phasing
title Valorization of n-butanol as Gasoline Replacement in a DISI Engine and the Effect of Injection Phasing
spellingShingle Valorization of n-butanol as Gasoline Replacement in a DISI Engine and the Effect of Injection Phasing
Spark Ignition Engine
Wall Guided Direct Injection
Gasoline
n-Butanol
Flame Emission
title_short Valorization of n-butanol as Gasoline Replacement in a DISI Engine and the Effect of Injection Phasing
title_full Valorization of n-butanol as Gasoline Replacement in a DISI Engine and the Effect of Injection Phasing
title_fullStr Valorization of n-butanol as Gasoline Replacement in a DISI Engine and the Effect of Injection Phasing
title_full_unstemmed Valorization of n-butanol as Gasoline Replacement in a DISI Engine and the Effect of Injection Phasing
title_sort Valorization of n-butanol as Gasoline Replacement in a DISI Engine and the Effect of Injection Phasing
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Merola, Simona S.
Irimescu, Adrian
Valentino, Gerardo
Colmenares Quintero, Ramón Fernando
Lenis Rodas, Yuhan Arley
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Merola, Simona Silvia
Irimescu, Adrian
Valentino, Gerardo
Colmenares Quintero, Ramón Fernando
Lenis Rodas, Yuhan Arley
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Merola, Simona S.
Irimescu, Adrian
Valentino, Gerardo
Colmenares Quintero, Ramón Fernando
Lenis Rodas, Yuhan Arley
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Spark Ignition Engine
Wall Guided Direct Injection
Gasoline
n-Butanol
Flame Emission
topic Spark Ignition Engine
Wall Guided Direct Injection
Gasoline
n-Butanol
Flame Emission
description Este artículo presenta la valorización del n-butanol en motores de encendido por chispa e inyección directa y su efecto durante el proceso de inyección.
publishDate 2015
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2015-11-25
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2017-08-24T16:54:39Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2017-08-24T16:54:39Z
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Artículo
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.coarversion.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/1355
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitation.spa.fl_str_mv Merola, S.S., Irimescu, A., Valentino, G., Colmenares Quintero, R. F. & Lenis Rodas, Y. A. (2015). Valorization of n-butanol as Gasoline Replacement in a DISI Engine and the Effect of Injection Phasing. Prace Naukowe Instytutu Nafty i Gazu, 204, 169-185
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/1355
identifier_str_mv Merola, S.S., Irimescu, A., Valentino, G., Colmenares Quintero, R. F. & Lenis Rodas, Y. A. (2015). Valorization of n-butanol as Gasoline Replacement in a DISI Engine and the Effect of Injection Phasing. Prace Naukowe Instytutu Nafty i Gazu, 204, 169-185
dc.relation.isversionof.spa.fl_str_mv https://www.infona.pl/resource/bwmeta1.element.baztech-6cd95f73-9000-4fd4-b975-eea229efcb45
dc.rights.cc.none.fl_str_mv Licencia CC
dc.rights.accessrights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.rights.coar.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb
rights_invalid_str_mv Licencia CC
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb
eu_rights_str_mv closedAccess
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ingenierías, Programa de Ingeniería Mecánica, Medellín y Envigado, Colombia, 00000
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv Ingeniería Mecánica
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv Medellín
institution Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/e8d05975-ff38-46c7-8727-d1ddbac7fb2e/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/b9a15e88-2ad7-4544-ab3d-3af7ddb5af91/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/e040e7fd-bd88-44d7-8833-03964512c10a/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/148d8b09-6ea3-49ab-8667-c6025cb94eac/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv cf794c83d2a0a80255f2e819ac5e6045
cb8f4d9b72d863ad6737f22af442cc82
e1c06d85ae7b8b032bef47e42e4c08f9
9ed107c4f5998373fd9c7650baa226ee
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
repository.mail.fl_str_mv bdigital@metabiblioteca.com
_version_ 1814246920023965696
spelling Merola, Simona SilviaIrimescu, AdrianValentino, GerardoColmenares Quintero, Ramón FernandoLenis Rodas, Yuhan ArleyMerola, Simona S.Irimescu, AdrianValentino, GerardoColmenares Quintero, Ramón FernandoLenis Rodas, Yuhan Arley2017-08-24T16:54:39Z2017-08-24T16:54:39Z2015-11-25https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/1355Merola, S.S., Irimescu, A., Valentino, G., Colmenares Quintero, R. F. & Lenis Rodas, Y. A. (2015). Valorization of n-butanol as Gasoline Replacement in a DISI Engine and the Effect of Injection Phasing. Prace Naukowe Instytutu Nafty i Gazu, 204, 169-185Este artículo presenta la valorización del n-butanol en motores de encendido por chispa e inyección directa y su efecto durante el proceso de inyección.Alcohols represent a viable replacement for gasoline, with the advantages of providing improved energy security as well as reduced environmental impact. Compared to ethanol, which holds the majority of the alternative fuels market share in transportation, butanol features higher energy density and better compatibility with existing fuel systems designed for gasoline. Given this background, the present study investigated the use of pure n-butanol fueling of a wall guided direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engine with optical accessibility through the piston crown. Different start of injection points were considered, and variations of soot emissions were evaluated based on smoke measurements. Besides thermodynamic investigations through the analysis in-cylinder pressure traces, flame chemiluminescence was applied for a more detailed view of the chemical processes during combustion. All conditions were benchmarked to gasoline fueling, thus giving comprehensive information on the effect of fuel properties. It was found that the change in injection timing, even by a relatively reduced crank angle, had a significant effect on the smoke at the exhaust, for both fuel types. Early fuel delivery resulted in high soot emissions, while late injection had the opposite effect. No soot-nitrogen oxides trade-off point, specific for diesel power units, could be identified, but the optimum injection strategy resulted in high engine output and low particulate emissions. The alcohol featured increased sensitivity to changes in the start of injection, but also showed the potential for very low smoke. The investigations further emphasize the importance of air-fuel mixture formation and also identified ways to minimize the environmental impact of DISI engines through the development of optimized control strategies.1. Introduction 2. Methodology 2.1. Experimental setup 2.2. Thermodynamic analysis 3. Results and discussion 4. Conclusions. Referencess.merola@im.cnr.ita.irimescu@im.cnr.itg.valentino@im.cnr.itramon.colmenaresq@campusucc.edu.coyuhan.lenis@gmail.comUniversidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ingenierías, Programa de Ingeniería Mecánica, Medellín y Envigado, Colombia, 00000Ingeniería MecánicaMedellínhttps://www.infona.pl/resource/bwmeta1.element.baztech-6cd95f73-9000-4fd4-b975-eea229efcb45Spark Ignition EngineWall Guided Direct InjectionGasolinen-ButanolFlame EmissionValorization of n-butanol as Gasoline Replacement in a DISI Engine and the Effect of Injection PhasingArtículohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionLicencia CCinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cbPublicationORIGINALAlcohol fuels for transport - background%2c research and developm.pdfAlcohol fuels for transport - background%2c research and developm.pdfapplication/pdf707609https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/e8d05975-ff38-46c7-8727-d1ddbac7fb2e/downloadcf794c83d2a0a80255f2e819ac5e6045MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-84553https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/b9a15e88-2ad7-4544-ab3d-3af7ddb5af91/downloadcb8f4d9b72d863ad6737f22af442cc82MD52TEXTAlcohol fuels for transport - background%2c research and developm.pdf.txtAlcohol fuels for transport - background%2c research and developm.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain2https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/e040e7fd-bd88-44d7-8833-03964512c10a/downloade1c06d85ae7b8b032bef47e42e4c08f9MD53THUMBNAILAlcohol fuels for transport - background%2c research and developm.pdf.jpgAlcohol fuels for transport - background%2c research and developm.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg6392https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/148d8b09-6ea3-49ab-8667-c6025cb94eac/download9ed107c4f5998373fd9c7650baa226eeMD5420.500.12494/1355oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/13552024-08-10 20:59:14.404open.accesshttps://repository.ucc.edu.coRepositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de Colombiabdigital@metabiblioteca.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