Torta de algodón en dietas para cerdas de cría durante tres ciclos reproductivos continuos
At the Tibaitatá Experimental center of the Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario, ICA, located in Mosquera, Cundinamarca, at 2.640 meters above sea level, with an average temperature of 13°C and average annual rainfall of 641 mm, an experiment with sows was conducted during three consecutive cycles of...
- Autores:
-
Obando Correa, Hector
Moncada Bueno, Alberto
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 1980
- Institución:
- Agrosavia
- Repositorio:
- Agrosavia
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repository.agrosavia.co:20.500.12324/35305
- Acceso en línea:
- http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12324/35305
- Palabra clave:
- Investigación agropecuaria - A50
Cerdas
Tecnología de la alimentación animal
Tortas oleaginosas
Lactancia
Ganadería y especies menores
- Rights
- License
- Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Torta de algodón en dietas para cerdas de cría durante tres ciclos reproductivos continuos |
title |
Torta de algodón en dietas para cerdas de cría durante tres ciclos reproductivos continuos |
spellingShingle |
Torta de algodón en dietas para cerdas de cría durante tres ciclos reproductivos continuos Investigación agropecuaria - A50 Cerdas Tecnología de la alimentación animal Tortas oleaginosas Lactancia Ganadería y especies menores |
title_short |
Torta de algodón en dietas para cerdas de cría durante tres ciclos reproductivos continuos |
title_full |
Torta de algodón en dietas para cerdas de cría durante tres ciclos reproductivos continuos |
title_fullStr |
Torta de algodón en dietas para cerdas de cría durante tres ciclos reproductivos continuos |
title_full_unstemmed |
Torta de algodón en dietas para cerdas de cría durante tres ciclos reproductivos continuos |
title_sort |
Torta de algodón en dietas para cerdas de cría durante tres ciclos reproductivos continuos |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Obando Correa, Hector Moncada Bueno, Alberto |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Obando Correa, Hector Moncada Bueno, Alberto |
dc.subject.fao.spa.fl_str_mv |
Investigación agropecuaria - A50 |
topic |
Investigación agropecuaria - A50 Cerdas Tecnología de la alimentación animal Tortas oleaginosas Lactancia Ganadería y especies menores |
dc.subject.agrovoc.spa.fl_str_mv |
Cerdas Tecnología de la alimentación animal Tortas oleaginosas Lactancia |
dc.subject.red.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ganadería y especies menores |
description |
At the Tibaitatá Experimental center of the Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario, ICA, located in Mosquera, Cundinamarca, at 2.640 meters above sea level, with an average temperature of 13°C and average annual rainfall of 641 mm, an experiment with sows was conducted during three consecutive cycles of gestation and lactation, feeding high levels of cotton seed meal without the addition of gossipol antidotes. The investigation involved 40 sows, Duroc x Landrace and Landrace x Ducor crosses, of different ages with initial wetht fluctuating between 120 and 240 kilograms. The animals were distributed at random in four treatments: 1- Control: Corn + Soybean meal (A); 2. Cotton seed meal: 9,4% (B); 3- Cotton seed meal: 15% ; C) and 4 Cotton meal: 15% + lisine and metionine D). Three Duroc boars were used, serving an equal number of sows in each treatnient. During gestation the females were kept in corrals of kikuyu grass pasture (Pennisetum clandestinum) and fed cotton seed meal in rations of 1 kg. daily. They were weighted every 36 days beginning the day of breeding. During the lactation period, the sows were given free-choice food and water, with the predetermined treatments for the rations. The sow and piglets were 107 weight at parturition and 21, 35 and 42 days following parturition. The established practice of removing teeth and ear- marking the piglets was performed 24 hours after birth; 150 mg of iron was injected on day three, and 8 days after birth they began their only diet, a 20% protein ration made of corn and soybean meal and at 14 days all males were castrated. During gestation, the females were offered a diet of 14% protein and during lactation, 16% protein. In both stages the levels of cotton seed meal (content of free gossipol: 0,036%) for the four treatments were 0, 9, 4, 15 and 15% + lisine andmetionine. The results obtained during the three consecutive gestations were the following: Increase in weight of the sow: A) 31,5 kg; B) 36,5 kg; C) 35,3 kg and D) 32,7 kg. Number of piglets born A: 9,4; B: 8,3; C: 10,7 and D: 7,7. Weight of the piglets: A) 1,3 kg; B) 1,4 kg; C) 1,4 kg and D) 1,5 kg. In the previous parameters, no significant differences were detected among the treatments, suggesting that during this period 100% soybean meal can be replaced for cotton seed meal in the diet for extended lengths of time without reducing reprodutive performance of the sow. In the three lactations, the average results were as follows: 1) Weight changes in the sow: A: 1,4 kg; B) 11,2 kg; C) 6,6 kg; D) 9,4 kg. 2- Number of weaned piglets: A) 7,4 kg; B) 7,1; C) 7,3 and D) 7,8; 3Weight of weaned piglets: A) 8,9 kg; B) 8,3 kg; C) 8,4 kg; D) 8,6 kg. 4- Percent mortality of piglets: A) 21,21/o; B) 27,2%; C) 27,3% and D) 14,0%. In the previous parameters, no significant difference was found among treatments excep a higher weight gaon in sows fed diets containing cotton seed meal. Finding a low mortality rate in piglets under treatment D, a clear advantage could not be established. These results suggest that it is possible to replace 84,3% of the soy-bean meal with cotton seed meal without endangering the yield of lactating sows and their litters. B: The feed consumption per sow was, A: 247,4 kg; piglet's consumption during lactation was A: 12,5 kg; B: 14,7 kg; C: 13,4 kg and D: 15,0 kg these data corraborates even more the possibility of feeding high levels of cotton seed meal during lactation in this experiment was: A) 80%; B) 9011o; C) 80% and D) 80% a number that reveals the benevolence of cotton seed meal. |
publishDate |
1980 |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
1980 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-08-25T22:50:29Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-08-25T22:50:29Z |
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
dc.type.localeng.eng.fl_str_mv |
article |
dc.type.local.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo científico |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART |
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http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
dc.identifier.issn.none.fl_str_mv |
0018-8794 |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12324/35305 |
dc.identifier.aleph.spa.fl_str_mv |
268 |
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Biblioteca Digital Agropecuaria de Colombia |
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repourl:https://repository.agrosavia.co |
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instname:Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria AGROSAVIA |
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0018-8794 268 reponame:Biblioteca Digital Agropecuaria de Colombia repourl:https://repository.agrosavia.co instname:Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria AGROSAVIA |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12324/35305 |
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
spa |
language |
spa |
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Revista ICA |
dc.relation.citationvolume.none.fl_str_mv |
15 |
dc.relation.citationissue.none.fl_str_mv |
2 |
dc.relation.citationstartpage.none.fl_str_mv |
101 |
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
109 |
dc.rights.*.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International |
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http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
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Acceso a texto completo |
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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Acceso a texto completo http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.coverage.department.spa.fl_str_mv |
Cundinamarca |
dc.coverage.municipality.spa.fl_str_mv |
Mosquera |
dc.coverage.country.spa.fl_str_mv |
Colombia |
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv |
Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario |
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv |
Bogotá (Colombia) |
dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv |
Revista ICA; Vol. 15, Núm. 2 (1980): Revista ICA (Jun 1980); p. 101-109 |
institution |
Agrosavia |
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Obando Correa, Hector3888697c-ba59-4f85-94ec-29a1746a4292Moncada Bueno, Albertoa2c70b31-8581-4cc8-9a8d-0f7ae6b3b7d52019-08-25T22:50:29Z2019-08-25T22:50:29Z19800018-8794http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12324/35305268reponame:Biblioteca Digital Agropecuaria de Colombiarepourl:https://repository.agrosavia.coinstname:Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria AGROSAVIAAt the Tibaitatá Experimental center of the Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario, ICA, located in Mosquera, Cundinamarca, at 2.640 meters above sea level, with an average temperature of 13°C and average annual rainfall of 641 mm, an experiment with sows was conducted during three consecutive cycles of gestation and lactation, feeding high levels of cotton seed meal without the addition of gossipol antidotes. The investigation involved 40 sows, Duroc x Landrace and Landrace x Ducor crosses, of different ages with initial wetht fluctuating between 120 and 240 kilograms. The animals were distributed at random in four treatments: 1- Control: Corn + Soybean meal (A); 2. Cotton seed meal: 9,4% (B); 3- Cotton seed meal: 15% ; C) and 4 Cotton meal: 15% + lisine and metionine D). Three Duroc boars were used, serving an equal number of sows in each treatnient. During gestation the females were kept in corrals of kikuyu grass pasture (Pennisetum clandestinum) and fed cotton seed meal in rations of 1 kg. daily. They were weighted every 36 days beginning the day of breeding. During the lactation period, the sows were given free-choice food and water, with the predetermined treatments for the rations. The sow and piglets were 107 weight at parturition and 21, 35 and 42 days following parturition. The established practice of removing teeth and ear- marking the piglets was performed 24 hours after birth; 150 mg of iron was injected on day three, and 8 days after birth they began their only diet, a 20% protein ration made of corn and soybean meal and at 14 days all males were castrated. During gestation, the females were offered a diet of 14% protein and during lactation, 16% protein. In both stages the levels of cotton seed meal (content of free gossipol: 0,036%) for the four treatments were 0, 9, 4, 15 and 15% + lisine andmetionine. The results obtained during the three consecutive gestations were the following: Increase in weight of the sow: A) 31,5 kg; B) 36,5 kg; C) 35,3 kg and D) 32,7 kg. Number of piglets born A: 9,4; B: 8,3; C: 10,7 and D: 7,7. Weight of the piglets: A) 1,3 kg; B) 1,4 kg; C) 1,4 kg and D) 1,5 kg. In the previous parameters, no significant differences were detected among the treatments, suggesting that during this period 100% soybean meal can be replaced for cotton seed meal in the diet for extended lengths of time without reducing reprodutive performance of the sow. In the three lactations, the average results were as follows: 1) Weight changes in the sow: A: 1,4 kg; B) 11,2 kg; C) 6,6 kg; D) 9,4 kg. 2- Number of weaned piglets: A) 7,4 kg; B) 7,1; C) 7,3 and D) 7,8; 3Weight of weaned piglets: A) 8,9 kg; B) 8,3 kg; C) 8,4 kg; D) 8,6 kg. 4- Percent mortality of piglets: A) 21,21/o; B) 27,2%; C) 27,3% and D) 14,0%. In the previous parameters, no significant difference was found among treatments excep a higher weight gaon in sows fed diets containing cotton seed meal. Finding a low mortality rate in piglets under treatment D, a clear advantage could not be established. These results suggest that it is possible to replace 84,3% of the soy-bean meal with cotton seed meal without endangering the yield of lactating sows and their litters. B: The feed consumption per sow was, A: 247,4 kg; piglet's consumption during lactation was A: 12,5 kg; B: 14,7 kg; C: 13,4 kg and D: 15,0 kg these data corraborates even more the possibility of feeding high levels of cotton seed meal during lactation in this experiment was: A) 80%; B) 9011o; C) 80% and D) 80% a number that reveals the benevolence of cotton seed meal.En el Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias de Tibaitatá del ICA, localizado en Mosquera (Cundinamarca) a 2.640 metros sobre ci nivel del mar, con temperatura media de 13°C y precipitación pluvial media anual de 641 mm, se realizó un experimento con cerdas durante tres ciclos consecutivos de gestación y lactancia, alimentadas con altos niveles de torta de algodón sin adición de antídotos del gosipol. En el ensayo se emplearon 40 cerdas mestizas Duroc x Landrace y Landrace x Duroc de diferentes edades, con peso inicial que fluctuó entre 120 y 240 kg; los animales se distribuyeron en un diseño de bloques al azar en cuatro tratamientos: I . Testigo: maíz + torta de soya (A). II . Torta de algodón 9,4%(B). III - Torta de algodón 15% (C) y IV - Torta de algodón 15%+ lisina + metionina (D). Se emplearon tres reproductores Duroc, los cuales sirvieron igual número de cerdas en cada tratamiento. Las hembras durante la gestación se alojaron en corrales con pasto kikuyo (Penniseturn clandestinuin), se les suministró el alimento asignado a razón de el kg por día y se llevó control de peso corporal cada 36 días a partir de la monta. Durante el periodo de la lactancia se suministró el alimento previamente determinado por su tratamiento, a voluntad lo mismo que el agua. Tanto a la cerda como a su lechigada se les llevó control de peso corporal y consumo de alimento al parto, 21, 35 y 42 días. A los lechones se les practicó el manejo establecido y a los ocho días de nacidos se les empezó a suministrar la única dieta, con 20%de proteína a base de maíz y torta de soya, a los 14 días se castraron todos los machos. Las hembras recibieron durante la gestación una dieta con 14% de proteína y durante la lactancia una con 16% de proteína; tanto en gestación como en lactancia el nivel de torta de algodón (contenido de gosip01 libre: 0,036%) para cuatro tratamientos establecidos fue: 0,9,4, 15 y 15%+ lisina y metionina. Los resultados obtenidos durante las tres gestaciones continuas fueron para aumento de peso de la cerda: A) 31,5 kg; B) 36,5 kg; C) 35,3 kg y D) 32,7 kg, 2- Para el nümero de lechones al parto los resultados fueron: A) 9,4; B) 8,3; C) 10,7 y D) 7,7. Para el peso por lechón los resultados fueron: a) 1,3 kg; b) 1,4 kg; c) 1,4 kg y d) 1,5 kg. En los anteriores parámetros no se detectaron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos, lo cual sugiere que en este periodo se puede reemplazar el 100%de torta de soya por torta de algodón en la dicta durante largos periodos sin menoscabo del comportamiento reproductivo de las cerdas. En las tres lactancias los resultados promedios finales para los cambios de peso de la cerda fueron: A) 1,4 kg: B) 11,2 kg; C) 6,6 kg, y D) 9,4 kg. Para el número de lechones destetos los resultados fueron: A) 7,4; B) 7,1; C) 7,3, y D) 7,8. Pata peso por lechón al destete los resultados fueron: A) 8,9 kg; B) 8,3 kg; C)8,4y D) 8,6 kg. Los resultados para el porcentaje de lechones muertos fueron: A) 2 1,2%; b) 27,2%; C) 27,3% y D) 14,0% En los parámetros anteriores tampoco se encontraron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos a pesar de observarse mayor ganancia de peso de las cerdas alimentadas con dietas que contenían torta de algodón. Por consiguiente se puede decir, que es posible reemplazar en un 84,3% la torta de soya por la torta de algodón sin comprometer el rendimiento de las cerdas lactantes y su lechigada. El consumo de alimento por cerda fue de: A) 247,4 kg; B) 254,2 kg; C) 250,1 kg y D) 251,5 kg y el de los lechones durante la lactancia por camada fue: A) 12,5 kg: B) 14,7 kg; C) 13,4kgyD) 15,0 kg. Estos datos corroboran aun mas la posibilidad de usar la torta de algodón a altos niveles en la alimentación de cerdas en lactancia, por su ausencia de efectos adversos. El porcentaje de natalidad obtenida en este ensayo fue para: A) 80%; B) 90%; C) 80% y D) 80%, cifras que revelan la benevolencia de la torta de algodón comparada con la dicta controlPorciculturaapplication/pdf-1spaInstituto Colombiano AgropecuarioBogotá (Colombia)Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Acceso a texto completohttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Revista ICA; Vol. 15, Núm. 2 (1980): Revista ICA (Jun 1980); p. 101-109Torta de algodón en dietas para cerdas de cría durante tres ciclos reproductivos continuosInvestigación agropecuaria - A50CerdasTecnología de la alimentación animalTortas oleaginosasLactanciaGanadería y especies menoresInvestigadorProfesionalCientíficoCundinamarcaMosqueraColombiaarticleArtículo científicohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARThttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85-1Revista ICA152101109ORIGINAL268.pdf268.pdfapplication/pdf3332573https://repository.agrosavia.co/bitstream/20.500.12324/35305/1/268.pdf021d40f1287260ffbf875ae6d92a6372MD51open accessCC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8805https://repository.agrosavia.co/bitstream/20.500.12324/35305/2/license_rdf4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347MD52open accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81748https://repository.agrosavia.co/bitstream/20.500.12324/35305/3/license.txt8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD53open accessTHUMBNAIL268.pdf.jpg268.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg5743https://repository.agrosavia.co/bitstream/20.500.12324/35305/4/268.pdf.jpg6e427917a80ed0da336df8637083f7afMD54open access20.500.12324/35305oai:repository.agrosavia.co:20.500.12324/353052022-04-07 12:57:45.109open accessAgrosavia - Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuariabac@agrosavia.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 |